BRDE 2017 — Questão 31 · Língua Inglesa - Compreensão e Interpretação de Texto

Instrução: As questões de números 29 a 36 referem-se ao texto abaixo.

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Conquering Negative Thinking

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1. All humans have a tendency to ruminate more on bad experiences than positive ones. It’s
2. an evolutionary adaptation that helps us avoid danger and react quickly in a crisis. But constant
3. negativity can also get in the way of happiness, add to our stress and worry level and ultimately
4. damage our health. And some people are more prone to negative thinking than others.
5. Thinking styles can be genetic or the result of childhood experiences, said Judith Beck, a
6. psychologist and the president of the Beck Institute for Cognitive Behavior Therapy in Bala
7. Cynwyd, Pa. Children _______(1) develop negative thinking habits if they have been teased or
8. bullied, or experienced blatant trauma or abuse. Women, overall, are also more likely to
9. ruminate than men, according to a 2013 study.
10. “We were built to overlearn from negative experiences, but under learn from positive ones,”
11. said Rick Hanson, a psychologist and senior fellow at the Greater Good Science Center at the
12. University of California, Berkeley.
13. But with practice you can learn to disrupt and tame negative cycles. The first step to
14. stopping negative thoughts is a surprising one. Don’t try to stop them. If you are obsessing
15. about a lost promotion or the results of the presidential election, whatever you do, don’t tell
16. yourself, “I have to stop thinking about this.”
17. Accepting negative thoughts can also help lessen their weight. Getting mad at yourself for
18. worrying or telling yourself to stop worrying only adds fuel to the negativity fire. After you’ve
19. accepted a negative thought, force yourself to challenge it.
20. If you’re having trouble challenging your negative thoughts, try this approach. Imagine
21. that your friend is the one who received the bad news. What advice _______(2) you give him
22. or her? Now think of how that advice _______(3) apply to you.
23. When your negative thoughts are making you feel agitated and overwhelmed, take a deep
24. breath, and then another. Practicing controlled breathing _______(4) help lower the stress
25. response and calm anxious thoughts.
26. Finally, if your thoughts are making you feel seriously distressed and interfering with your
27. ability to work and relax, consider seeing a mental health professional. Therapists who
28. specialize in cognitive therapy, which teaches practical ways to cope with persistent and
29. unwanted thoughts, may be particularly helpful.

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(Source: http://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/03/well/mind/the-year-of-conquering-negative-thinking.html?rref=collection%2Fsectioncollection%2Fhealth&_r=0 – Adapted)

Which of the following questions can be answered based on the text?